AIR-CONDITIONING AFFECTS FACILITIES OPERATING BUDGET

 PUBLIC SCHOOL OPERATING ENERGY COST WILL CHALLENGE BUDGETS THIS SUMMER. 

 Comprehensive Report: Enhancing Air-Conditioning Efficiency and Maintenance in Public Schools emphasizing forecast for higher than usual temperatures in these parts. Introduction: Buildings and Facilities in Houston Texas, known as the air-conditioning capital of the world, faces significant challenges regarding energy consumption and maintenance costs, associated with air-conditioning systems in both commercial and residential buildings. Public schools, in particular, bear a substantial burden due to the large capacity units, number of units and high operating costs for air conditioning operation maintenance and repairs. 

This report aims to address the critical issues surrounding air-conditioning in public schools, commercial and residential buildings including energy consumption, maintenance, and the need for trained personnel in facility management.

 1. Air-Conditioning Processes: Air-conditioning systems in buildings play a crucial role in maintaining indoor comfort by regulating temperature, humidity, and air quality. The primary components of an air-conditioning system include:

 • Cooling Unit: This unit, often located outside the building, contains the compressor, condenser, and evaporator coils responsible for cooling the refrigerant thereby removing heat from indoors and depositing it outdoors. 

 • Air Handling Unit (AHU): The AHU circulates cooled air throughout the building via ductwork, or directly into the desired space ensuring consistent temperature distribution.

 • Thermostat: The thermostat controls the temperature settings and activates the cooling system as needed. Very important, since operating cost is based on KWH, run time is critical to operating cost.

 • Ventilation System: Proper ventilation ensures fresh air circulation and removes indoor pollutants, contributing to overall indoor air quality. The American Society for Heating Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers recommends 15 CFM per person to achieve ideal indoor air ventilation requirements. 2. Factors Affecting Energy Consumption: The energy consumption of air-conditioning systems is influenced by various factors, including:

 • System Efficiency: Older or poorly maintained systems may operate less efficiently, leading to higher energy consumption.

 • Building Design: Factors such as insulation, window placement, and building orientation impact the heat gain or loss, affecting the workload of the air-conditioning system. 

 • Occupancy Patterns: The number of occupants and their activities within a building influence cooling demand.

 • Thermostat Settings: Inappropriate thermostat settings or lack of temperature control can result in unnecessary energy usage. The Department of Energy states that every degree below recommended settings of the thermostat increases electrical consumption of air-conditioning units 3%. 3. Means for Energy Reduction: To reduce energy consumption associated with air conditioning systems, several strategies can be implemented: 

 • Upgrade to Energy-Efficient Systems: Investing in modern, energy-efficient HVAC systems can significantly reduce energy consumption and operating costs over time. 

 • Implement Smart Controls: Utilize programmable thermostats and building automation systems to optimize temperature settings based on occupancy schedules and outdoor conditions.

 • Enhance Building Envelope: Improve insulation, seal windows and doors, and minimize air leaks to reduce heat gain or loss, thereby reducing the workload on the air conditioning system.

 • Regular Maintenance: Schedule routine maintenance checks and cleanings to ensure optimal system performance and identify potential issues before they escalate. 4. Need for Preventive Maintenance: Preventive maintenance is essential for prolonging the lifespan of air-conditioning systems and minimizing costly repairs. This includes: 

 • Regular Inspections: Conduct regular inspections of HVAC components, including coils, filters, and ductwork, to identify and address any issues promptly. 

 • Filter Replacement: Clean or replace air filters regularly to maintain airflow and prevent the accumulation of dirt and debris, which can hinder system efficiency. 

 • Coil Cleaning: Clean evaporator and condenser coils to remove dirt and debris, improving heat transfer and system efficiency.

 • System Calibration: Ensure thermostats and controls are calibrated correctly to maintain accurate temperature settings and prevent overworking the system. 5. Importance of Trained Personnel: Effective facility management requires knowledgeable personnel with expertise in HVAC systems and building operations. The example of an individual transitioning from a bakery worker to a facilities director highlights the need for proper training and experience in this field. Employing personnel with the following qualifications is essential:

 • Technical Expertise: Trained technicians capable of diagnosing and repairing HVAC systems efficiently. 

 • Energy Management Skills: Personnel equipped with knowledge of energy-efficient practices and technologies to minimize energy consumption.

 • Facility Management Experience: Experienced professionals capable of overseeing maintenance operations, budgeting, and long-term planning for facility improvements. Summary: Addressing the challenges associated with air-conditioning in public schools and other commercial and residential facilities, requires a comprehensive approach that focuses on energy reduction, preventive maintenance, and the employment of trained personnel in facility management roles. By implementing energy-efficient strategies and investing in proper maintenance and personnel training, public schools and facilities will alleviate the financial strain associated with air-conditioning while ensuring optimal indoor comfort for students, staff, visitors, and aid in extending the lives of vital equipment and material. This report provides a roadmap for improving air-conditioning efficiency and maintenance practices, ultimately contributing to cost savings, environmental sustainability, and enhanced indoor air quality.